- 1Spain: An attractive country for investment
- 2Setting up a business in Spain
- 3 Tax System
- 4 Investment aid and incentives in Spain
- 5 Labor and social security regulations
- 6 Intellectual property law
- 7Legal framework and tax implications of e-commerce in Spain
- AI Annex I Company and Commercial Law
- AIIAnnex II The Spanish financial system
- AIIIAnnex IIIAccounting and audit issues

- Introduction
- Different ways of doing business in Spain
- Tax Identification Number (N.I.F.) and Foreigner Identity Number (N.I.E.)
- N.I.E for individuals who are to be shareholders or directors of companies resident in Spain, tax and legal representatives of a branch in Spain, permanent establishments or limited liability entrepreneurs
- N.I.F. for legal entities that are to be shareholders or directors of companies resident in Spain, or owners of branches in Spain or permanent establishments
- Provisional and definitive N.I.F. of the company resident in Spain that is to be set up
- Formation of a company
- Limited liability entrepreneur
- Opening of a branch
- Other alternatives for operating in Spain
- Forms of business cooperation
- Temporary Business Associations (UTEs)
- Economic Interest Groupings (EIGs)
- Silent participation Agreement (C.E.P.)
- Participating loans
- Joint ventures through Spanish corporations or limited liability companies
- Distribution, agency, commission agency and franchising agreements
- Other alternatives for investing in Spain
- Dispute resolution
- Appendix I - Table summarizing the tax treatment given to the various ways of investing in Spain
8Other alternatives for investing in Spain
8.4. Venture capital entities
Another way to invest in Spain is to take up temporary stakes in the capital of companies established in Spain (i.e. non-real estate, non-financial and unlisted companies) by forming venture capital entities. Venture capital is defined as those investment strategies that channel financing directly and indirectly to companies, maximize the value of the company through management and professional advice, and divest from the company with a view to earning high gains for the investors. Through this channel, it is possible to invest both in start-up business projects (venture capital), and in already mature companies with a proven track record of profitability (private equity).
The current regulation of venture capital in Spain, contained in Law 22/2014 of November 12, regulating venture capital entities, other closed-end collective investment undertakings and the management companies of closed-end collective investment undertakings (the “Venture Capital Law”), relaxes the legislative framework for these entities with, among others, the aim of helping them to raise more funds to be able to finance a larger number of companies.